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Previous studies have reported that ascending stairs for 30–70 min each week for 8 wk can improve CRF (3,4,20,24). The total time spent ascending and descending stairs in the present study was much lower amounting to ≤9 min·wk−1, with only ~3 min of ascending stairs each week. When the time required to complete warm-up and cooldown is included, the total time commitment amounts to 30 min·wk−1. Because of the influence of perceived “lack of time” and lack of access to specialized facilities on physical activity participation (35), it is important to identify time-efficient exercise protocols that do not require special equipment. - journals.lww.com