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This means information is interpreted in the context of the state of the entire cell, or organism, which includes a record or memory of past states, as well as past decisions and outcomes. It is not just a message that is propagated through the system – it means something to the receiver and that meaning inheres not just in the message itself, but in the history and state of the receiver (whether that is a protein, a cell, an ensemble of cells, or the whole organism). The system is thus continuously in flux, with information flowing “down” as well as “up”, through a constantly interacting hierarchy of networks and sub-networks. - www.wiringthebrain.com